IRIS Toxicological Review of Hexavalent Chromium (Interagency Science Discussion Draft, 2024)
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In August 2024, EPA finalized the IRIS Toxicological Review of Hexavalent Chromium (Cr(VI)). The Toxicological Review was reviewed internally by EPA and by other federal agencies and White House Offices after public release in October 2022. Consistent with the May 2009 IRIS assessment development process, all written comments on IRIS assessments submitted by other federal agencies and White House Offices are made publicly available on this site.
Cr(VI) is a naturally occurring metal that has been most commonly used commercially to prevent rust and corrosion and can be found in a variety of industries, including pigment manufacturing, chrome plating, and stainless-steel production. The general population may be exposed to Cr(VI) compounds when they inhale ambient air, and ingest water or food containing Cr(VI). EPA’s previous IRIS assessment on Cr(VI) was posted in 1998. This new draft assessment updates the information based on the latest science. The draft assessment provides a comprehensive systematic review of hundreds of studies on cancer and multiple noncancer health effects of inhalation and oral exposure to Cr(VI), resulting in a state-of-the-science human health assessment.
Cr(VI) is a naturally occurring metal that has been most commonly used commercially to prevent rust and corrosion and can be found in a variety of industries, including pigment manufacturing, chrome plating, and stainless-steel production. The general population may be exposed to Cr(VI) compounds when they inhale ambient air, and ingest water or food containing Cr(VI). EPA’s previous IRIS assessment on Cr(VI) was posted in 1998. This new draft assessment updates the information based on the latest science. The draft assessment provides a comprehensive systematic review of hundreds of studies on cancer and multiple noncancer health effects of inhalation and oral exposure to Cr(VI), resulting in a state-of-the-science human health assessment.
Impact/Purpose
Now that the interagency review draft has been completed and finalized, the final Hexavalent Chromium assessment has been loaded into the IRIS Web site and Database.Citation
U.S. EPA. IRIS Toxicological Review of Hexavalent Chromium (Interagency Science Discussion Draft, 2024). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, EPA/635/R-24/104, 2024.History/Chronology
| Date | Description |
|---|---|
| 01- Apr 2014 | EPA released preliminary meeting materials for chromium (VI), part 1, in preparation for the June 2014 Bimonthly Public Science Meeting. |
| 02- Jun 2014 | EPA hosted a public science meeting to discuss preliminary meeting materials for chromium (VI), part 1. |
| 03- Aug 2014 | EPA released preliminary meeting materials for chromium (VI), part 2, in preparation for the October 2014 Bimonthly Public Science Meeting. |
| 04- Oct 2014 | EPA hosted a public science meeting to discuss preliminary meeting materials for chromium (VI), part 2. |
| 05- Mar 2019 | EPA released the Systematic Review Protocol for the Hexavalent Chromium IRIS Assessment (Preliminary Assessment Materials). [Federal Register Notice Mar 15, 2019] |
| 06- Apr 2019 | EPA announced that they will host a public science meeting on April 24, 2019 (by webinar) to discuss the draft document. |
| 07- Feb 2022 | EPA initiated an interagency science consultation on the draft IRIS Toxicological Review of Hexavalent Chromium. |
| 08- Oct 2022 | EPA released the external review draft report for a 60-day public comment period with a subsequent external peer review by EPA’s Science Advisory Board (SAB). |
| 09- Oct 2022 | EPA released the draft IRIS Toxicological Review of Hexavalent Chromium (External Review Draft) for public comment and subsequent external peer review by EPA’s Science Advisory Board (SAB). Also, the EPA-led Interagency Science Consultation draft was released with comments. [Federal Register Notice Oct 20, 2022] |
| 10- Sep 2023 | EPA posted the final SAB peer review report on the EPA website. |
| 11- May 2024 | EPA submitted the revised interagency science discussion draft for final Agency and Interagency review. |
Download(s)
This download(s) is distributed solely for the purpose of pre-dissemination peer review under applicable information quality guidelines. It has not been formally disseminated by EPA. It does not represent and should not be construed to represent any Agency determination or policy.
- ATSDR Chromium IASD Comments (PDF) (6 pp, 160.2 KB, about PDF)
- DoD Chromium IASD Comments (PDF) (7 pp, 175.8 KB, about PDF)
- NIEHS Chromium IASD Comments (PDF) (2 pp, 142.6 KB, about PDF)
- NIOSH Chromium IASD Comments (PDF) (1 pp, 111.3 KB, about PDF)
- USDA Chromium IASD Comments (PDF) (1 pp, 115.2 KB, about PDF)
Notices
Docket
Comments on the assessment may be submitted and reviewed using the Docket ID EPA-HQ-ORD-2014-0313