Quantification of uncertainties in extrapolating from in vitro androgen receptor (AR) antagonism to in vivo Hershberger Assay endpoints and adverse reproductive development in rats#
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Multiple molecular initiating events exist that disrupt male sexual differentiation in utero including AR antagonism and inhibition of synthesis, and metabolism of fetal testosterone. Disruption of androgen signaling by AR antagonists in utero reduces anogenital distance (AGD) and induces malformations in F1 male rat offspring.