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Current progress and research needs to protect children’s environmental health

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Background: The fetus and child are uniquely susceptible to environmental insults due to normal biological and behavioral factors. Therefore, considering early life stages in environmental health research is critical for subsequent risk assessment and regulatory decision making at the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Objectives: To better understand the recent progress and needs in children’s environmental health research, US EPA’s Office of Children’s Health Protection sponsored a workshop of experts, hosted by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM). In response, US EPA hosted an internal Summit with children’s health experts to address key topics identified at the workshop. This commentary highlights key research needs identified by the NASEM, and a summary of the US EPA Summit discussions, which could serve as a foundation for future research priorities. Discussion: Both opportunities and challenges remain in children’s environmental health research.  Additional epidemiological studies are critically needed, especially those that include racially and socioeconomically diverse cohorts, and/or begin to address the totality of exposures across the life span (e.g., the exposome). Additionally, in vivo toxicology studies are needed to support epidemiologic associations and to monetize health benefits for rulemaking, while in vitro assays could assist in hazard identification. In total, cooperation between federal, academic, and clinical partners is necessary to protect future generations.

Impact/Purpose

In fall 2022, a workshop was hosted by the National Academies of Science, Engineering, Medicine, where experts in the field of children's environmental health discussed the state-of-the-science ( see Children’s Environmental Health: A Workshop on Future Priorities for Environmental Health Sciences, https://www.nationalacademies.org/our-work/childrens-environmental-health-a-workshop-on-future-priorities-for-environmental-health-sciences). In response, US EPA scientists from the Office of Research and Development (ORD) and the Office of Children's Health Protection (OCHP) hosted an internal meeting to discuss the workshop, and how the data gaps could be addressed by the Agency and the greater scientific community. This commentary summarized major points from the workshop and the internal US EPA meeting, and represents collaboration between scientists in the Office of Research and Development (ORD), Office of Air and Radiation (OAR), and Office of Children's Health Protection (OCHP). This work will be of interest to federal and non-federal scientists who are involved in risk assessment, rule making, or research. 

Citation

O'Shaughnessy, K., A. Lorenz, B. Owens, Greg Miller, Danny Malashock, L. Carlson, J. Franzosa, M. Wilson, AND E. Boyle. Current progress and research needs to protect children’s environmental health. National Academy of Sciences, WASHINGTON, DC, 120(40):e2522786122, (2025). [DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2522786122]

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DOI: Current progress and research needs to protect children’s environmental health
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Last updated on October 01, 2025
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